Archive Name And Parameters For Blood
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Contents.Interpretation A is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% ). It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests.Plasma or whole blood In this article, all values (except the ones listed below) denote concentration, which is approximately 60–100% larger than the actual blood concentration if the amount inside (RBCs) is negligible. The precise factor depends on as well as amount inside RBCs. Exceptions are mainly those values that denote total blood concentration, and in this article they are:. All values in Hematology – red blood cells (except hemoglobin in plasma).
Archive Name And Parameters For Blood Pressure
All values in Hematology – white blood cells. Platelet count (Plt)A few values are for inside red blood cells only:. (folic acid/folate) in red blood cells. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)Units.
(g/dL or g/L) is the most common measurement unit in the United States. Is usually given with dL (decilitres) as the denominator in the United States, and usually with L (litres) in, for example, Sweden.
(mol/L) is used to a higher degree in most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe and Australia and New Zealand. (IU) are based on measured or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass. is commonly used for e.g. Like, and in Sweden. and time-dependent units (mol/s) are used for calculated derived parameters, e.g. For function in or.Arterial or venous If not otherwise specified, a reference range for a blood test is generally the range, as the standard process of obtaining a sample is.
An exception is for acid-base and, which are generally given for arterial blood.Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid-base, blood gases and drugs (used in (TDM) assays). Arterial levels for drugs are generally higher than venous levels because of extraction while passing through tissues. Usual or optimal are usually given as what are the usual (or normal) values found in the population, more specifically the that 95% of the population fall into. This may also be called standard range. In contrast, optimal (health) range or therapeutic target is a reference range or limit that is based on concentrations or levels that are associated with optimal health or minimal risk of related complications and diseases. For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well. More specifically, optimal levels are generally close to a of the values found in the population.
However, usual and optimal levels may differ substantially, most notably among vitamins and blood lipids, so these tables give limits on both standard and optimal (or target) ranges.In addition, some values, including and, are given as the estimated appropriate to distinguish healthy people from people with specific conditions, which here are and, respectively, for the aforementioned substances.Variability. Further information:If / is not specified for an acid-base or blood gas value, then it generally refers to arterial, and not venous which otherwise is standard for other blood tests.Acid-base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these. TestArterial/VenousLower limitUpper limitUnitArterial7.34, 7.357.44, 7.45Venous7.317.41H +Arterial3644nmol/L3.64.4ng/dLArterial & venous−3+3mEq/L(pO 2)10, 1113, 14kPa75, 83100, 105orVenous4.05.3kPa3040mmHg or torrArterial94, 95, 96100%VenousApproximately 75(pCO 2)4.4, 4.75.9, 6.0kPa33, 3544, 45mmHg or torrVenous5.5,6.8kPa4151mmHg or torrAbsolute content of (CO 2)Arterial2330mmol/L100132mg/dL(HCO 3 −)Arterial & venous1823mmol/L110140mg/dL(SBC e)Arterial & venous21, 2227, 28mmol/L or mEq/L134170mg/dLLiver function. Further information: TestPatient typeLower limitUpper limitUnit10–39 years54110mg/dL 60 years80150mg/dL0.91.7mmol/LTotal3.0, 3.65.0, 6.5mmol/L 1.0 or 1.6 mmol/L40 or 60 mg/dL40, 5086mg/dLHDL cholesterolMale0.92.0mmol/L3580mg/dL(Not valid whentriglycerides 5.0 mmol/L)2.0, 2.43.0, 3.4mmol/L. Further information: TestPatient typeUnitComments(AFP)44ng/mL or µg/LHepatocellular carcinoma or testicular cancerBeta (bHCG)In males and non-pregnant females5IU/l or mU/mLchoriocarcinoma40U/mLPancreatic cancer30, 35kU/L or U/mL(CEA)Non-smokers, 50 years3.4, 3.6μg/LNon-smokers, 70 years4.1Smokers5(PSA)40-49 years1.2 - 2.9μg/L or ng/mLMore detailed cutoffs in70-79 years, non-4.0 - 9.070-79 years, African-American7.7 - 133units/dL (Bodansky units)5, 15ng/L or pg/mLCutoff againstMore detailed in articleEndocrinology Thyroid hormones. For clinical associations, see.Autoantibodies are usually absent or very low, so instead of being given in standard reference ranges, the values usually denote where they are said to be present, or whether the test is a.
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There may also be an equivocal interval, where it is uncertain whether there is a significantly increased level.